Oxygen (O2) is the most critical safety parameter to measure in industrial environments involving confined spaces, combustion processes, biogas generation or waste treatment. Its normal concentration in ambient air is 20.9%, but any deviation (deficiency or...
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is an inorganic compound that, under normal temperature and pressure conditions, appears as a colorless gas with a sharp, irritating odor. It is also extremely soluble in water. When dissolved, it forms hydrochloric acid, one of the most widely...
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a highly useful yet dangerous chemical compound. Its colourless gaseous form is accompanied by a sharp odour and the ability to be highly toxic and corrosive. Its primary function emerges when it dissolves in water, forming hydrofluoric acid,...
Chlorine (Cl2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are gases with a powerful oxidising capacity, which is why they are mainly used as disinfectants and bleaching agents. Chlorine has been used for more than a century in water purification and in the production of plastics,...
Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are chemical substances that remain in a gaseous state at room temperature and belong to the group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Within this large family of compounds, NMHCs are among the most chemically reactive and take part...