Case Study

Toxic gas monitoring from sargassum in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protection

National Polytechnic Institute

Need

The massive arrival of sargassum on Caribbean beaches, especially in the Quintana Roo area, has created a growing environmental and social problem. When sargassum accumulates and begins to decompose on the shore, it releases gaseous compounds such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which cause unpleasant odors and potential health risks.

Concerned about the negative effects of these gases on residents, tourists, and marine biodiversity, a researcher from the National Polytechnic Institute, in collaboration with the Caribbean Air Quality Monitoring Network, contacted Repmex, Kunak’s distributor in Mexico. The goal was to obtain accurate, real-time data on the presence and concentration of these pollutants, to identify risk periods, assess population impact, and support mitigation actions.

Furthermore, it was essential to have a robust monitoring network capable of operating autonomously in coastal environments, collecting useful, precise, and reliable data to protect both people and species inhabiting the affected area.

"Having reliable, real-time data has been key to protecting public health and optimising sargassum management on our beaches."
Sargasso toxic gas monitoring by Kunak in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protectionSargasso toxic gas monitoring by Kunak in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protectionSargasso toxic gas monitoring by Kunak in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protectionSargasso toxic gas monitoring by Kunak in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protectionSargasso toxic gas monitoring by Kunak in the Caribbean for environmental and tourism protection

Solution

To address this challenge, two Kunak AIR Lite units and one Kunak AIR Pro unit were installed, equipped with specific sensors to measure NH3 and H2S concentrations. The devices were placed at strategic points on the beach, just meters from the area where sargassum accumulates after wave action, to record emissions at the main source of the problem.

As part of the solution, a portable toxic gas sensor was also incorporated, along with a methane (CH4) sensor designed for personal use, featuring audible and visual alarms. This sensor protects personnel involved in cleaning tasks by providing immediate alerts when dangerous concentrations are detected.

The solution was complemented with solar panels, ensuring device autonomy even in remote areas, and mechanical anemometers to measure wind speed and direction—key variables for understanding gas dispersion. All data is wirelessly transmitted to the Kunak Cloud platform, where it can be viewed, analysed, and remotely used for informed decision-making without requiring on-site presence.

Results

The deployment of the monitoring network has enabled the recording of significant increases in H₂S and NH₃ concentrations coinciding with the arrival of large sargassum masses on the Quintana Roo coast. These records have been vital to demonstrate the impact these gases can have not only on tourists’ comfort and perception but also on the health of those living or working in the area.

Thanks to the data obtained, the research group has been able to quantify risks, identify peak exposure times and locations, and justify the need to expand the network with additional equipment for more comprehensive coverage. This information has also helped launch prevention campaigns, optimise cleaning protocols, and raise awareness among authorities and the community about the importance of environmental monitoring.

The energy autonomy of the devices and remote data transmission have enabled continuous and efficient monitoring, even during adverse weather or in difficult-to-access locations, ensuring system reliability and continuity.

Key Benefits

  • Precise, real-time monitoring of toxic gases associated with sargassum
  • Health protection for workers, residents, and tourists
  • Improved decision-making and cleaning and mitigation strategies
  • Reduced environmental risks and displacement of aquatic species
  • Energy autonomy via solar panels
  • Remote data transmission and visualisation for analysis and early alerts

Project details

Customer: National Polytechnic Institute

User: National Polytechnic Institute

Location: Cancún, Mexico

Sector:

Year: 2025

Parameters:

  • Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4)
  • Temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure
  • Wind direction and speed

Solutions

  • AIR ProProfessional air quality monitoring station
    Air quality monitor

    AIR Pro

    The most accurate air quality monitoring station

    SENSOR-BASED | BEST AVAILABLE ACCURACY

    Benefits

    • Multi-pollutant
    • Smart cartridge system
    • Fully autonomous
    • Real-time data
    • Proven accuracy
    See more
  • AIR LiteAir quality monitoring station
    air quality monitoring station

    AIR Lite

    The air quality station for hyperlocal monitoring.

    INDUSTRY GRADE DESIGN | HIGH ACCURACY

    Benefits

    • Rugged & compact design
    • Cartridges system
    • Fully autonomous
    • Built-in OLED display
    • Cost-effective
    See more
  • AIR CloudAir quality software
    Air quality software - Kunak AIR Cloud

    AIR Cloud

    Multipurpose air quality software for professionals

    REAL-TIME DATA | ALWAYS UPDATED

    Benefits

    • Secure and condifential
    • Air quality reporting
    • Advanced data analysis and visualisation
    • Reliable data guaranteed
    • Data sharing and integration
    See more
  • Hydrogen sulfide sensorReliable real-time data on H2S
    Hydrogen-sulfide

    Hydrogen sulfide sensor

    Reliable information about hydrogen sulfide

    GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

    Specs

    • Electrochemical
    • R2 >0.8
    • Range: 0-2,000 ppb (Type A) | 0-20 ppm (Type B)
    • Resolution: 1 ppb (Type A) | 0.01 ppm (Type B)
    • 24 months of operating life
    See more
  • AmmoniaReliable real-time data on NH3
    Ammonia

    Ammonia

    Reliable information about ammonia

    GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

    Specs

    • Electrochemical
    • Typical accuracy (MAE): ±0.3 ppm
    • Range: 0-50 ppm
    • Resolution: 0.01 ppm
    • 24 months of operating life
    See more
  • MethaneReliable real-time data on CH4

    Methane

    Reliable information about sulphur dioxide

    GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

    Specs

    • NDIR
    • Typical accuracy (MAE): ±3 % F.S.
    • Range: 0-50,000 ppm
    • Resolution: 500 ppm
    • > 7 years of operating life
    See more
Air quality monitor

AIR Pro

The most accurate air quality monitoring station

SENSOR-BASED | BEST AVAILABLE ACCURACY

Benefits

  • Multi-pollutant
  • Smart cartridge system
  • Fully autonomous
  • Real-time data
  • Proven accuracy
See more
air quality monitoring station

AIR Lite

The air quality station for hyperlocal monitoring.

INDUSTRY GRADE DESIGN | HIGH ACCURACY

Benefits

  • Rugged & compact design
  • Cartridges system
  • Fully autonomous
  • Built-in OLED display
  • Cost-effective
See more
Air quality software - Kunak AIR Cloud

AIR Cloud

Multipurpose air quality software for professionals

REAL-TIME DATA | ALWAYS UPDATED

Benefits

  • Secure and condifential
  • Air quality reporting
  • Advanced data analysis and visualisation
  • Reliable data guaranteed
  • Data sharing and integration
See more
Hydrogen-sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide sensor

Reliable information about hydrogen sulfide

GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

Specs

  • Electrochemical
  • R2 >0.8
  • Range: 0-2,000 ppb (Type A) | 0-20 ppm (Type B)
  • Resolution: 1 ppb (Type A) | 0.01 ppm (Type B)
  • 24 months of operating life
See more
Ammonia

Ammonia

Reliable information about ammonia

GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

Specs

  • Electrochemical
  • Typical accuracy (MAE): ±0.3 ppm
  • Range: 0-50 ppm
  • Resolution: 0.01 ppm
  • 24 months of operating life
See more

Methane

Reliable information about sulphur dioxide

GASPLUG TECHNOLOGY | PATENTED DESIGN

Specs

  • NDIR
  • Typical accuracy (MAE): ±3 % F.S.
  • Range: 0-50,000 ppm
  • Resolution: 500 ppm
  • > 7 years of operating life
See more