Climate justice, climate finance and climate security: pillars for a sustainable future

Introduction

What matters are facts, not words, when the climate crisis has ceased to be a distant threat. A current global problem that has moved beyond being exclusively an environmental debate because it now directly and dramatically impacts life, the economy and stability for all. According to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), nearly half of the world’s population (between 3.3 and 3.6 billion people) live in environments highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. A chilling statistic about the scale of the challenge we face at this stage of our advanced knowledge about the causes, damages and solutions to global warming. There are no excuses; tackling this challenge requires joint determination to drive bold and equitable responses immediately to facilitate global climate governance.

“The climate crisis is an emergency that encompasses multiple dimensions: it affects physical and mental health, increases poverty, harms food and energy security, and exacerbates existing social inequalities.”

While these impacts are already being felt everywhere in the world, it is nevertheless the part of society that has contributed least to generating the climate crisis that is being severely affected. Consequently, actions to mitigate climate change cannot be separated from climate justice to defend human rights and equity among people.

A sustainable future for humanity requires:

• Climate justice to respond to vulnerability and inequality in exposure to climate disruptions.
• Climate finance to stimulate public and private economies that support an ecological transition based, to begin with, on adaptation, mitigation and recovery for the most affected communities and countries.
• Climate security to guarantee social, economic and political stability in every location to prevent risks and avoid climate migrations and social conflicts among millions of people.

We are already experiencing enormous climate risks – this is the cost of our inaction. The time has come to ambitiously drive global and effective collaboration. Only with a systemic vision supported by climate justice, finance and security can we progress towards sustainable development – one capable of integrating people, ecosystems and economies. In this article we will analyse the three pillars of this collective action to leave no one behind; achieving this also requires the support of technology that provides environmental monitoring and promotes social participation to drive adaptation and mitigation, the foundations of climate resilience.

Climate justice: confronting inequality in a warming world

Climate justice represents a normative and political framework that prioritises equity and human rights in responding to climate change. Its strength lies in enabling legislation to recognise the inequality caused to communities, social sectors and countries facing situations provoked by climate change; a generator of environmental damages that ultimately affect the most vulnerable communities and disrupt people’s right to life.

What is climate justice and why is it important?

Climate justice is considered, thanks to its ethical and political perspective, as the recognition that climate change is not solely an environmental issue but also a problem of human rights and social equity, therefore placing people at the centre.

To achieve a fair distribution of responsibilities, benefits and burdens derived from the climate crisis we are experiencing, climate justice is based on three fundamental principles:

• Distributive justice: fairly shares responsibilities, burdens and benefits among individuals and countries, and additionally considers present and future generations.
• Procedural justice: favours inclusion and participation in the development and design of climate policies for all people and communities affected by them.
• Recognition: respects different cultures and social perspectives to develop their considerations regarding climate decision-making and action.

“Let’s not deceive ourselves, the greatest threat to the environment comes from us, from the overconsumption of the Global North. The unequal distribution of wealth globally allows citizens of developed countries to continue satisfying their infinite desires for cheap products (and/or with planned obsolescence) at the cost of creating environmental destruction and transferring damages to developing countries.” Manuel Cabezas-Vicente (2024). Environmental and Climate Justice: Interdisciplinary Visions from Human Rights.

Thus, thanks to climate justice, the most disadvantaged such as small island states and some African countries can confront inequality through the legal claim for financial compensation and provision of technology to help them mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change, as they are already subjected to extreme weather phenomena. Communities that are the most severely affected, despite having contributed minimally to the greenhouse gas emissions that, by increasing their concentration in the atmosphere, are greatly favouring global warming.

Vulnerable communities and inequality in climate impact

It is true that awareness of climate change is growing, but we are still not taking the necessary steps, nor moving at the right pace, to tackle this global crisis. Especially because the climate phenomena caused by our emissions are disproportionately affecting the communities and countries that have fewer resources to adapt to the negative effects of climate change, which we are already experiencing.

Every day, people living in urban slums around the world are the first victims, the most vulnerable to floods, heatwaves, and other extreme weather events. In addition, they suffer from the deterioration of the air they breathe, mainly due to higher exposure to fossil fuel-powered transport, industrial activity, and poor housing conditions.

Low-income individuals, ethnic minorities, and residents of marginalised urban areas are the most affected due to their exposure to high levels of air pollution (pollutant gases, volatile organic compounds, and PM2.5 particles among the main toxic substances in the air affecting health). This is often due to their proximity to industrial zones, landfills, or areas with constant and intense vehicle traffic.

It is no coincidence that these disadvantaged communities bear a greater share of the effects of climate change and environmental pollution: social, economic, and political systems are set up in a way that concentrates risks on those with the fewest resources to protect themselves. For this reason, air qualityAir quality refers to the state of the air we breathe and its composition in terms of pollutants present in the atmosphere. It is considered good when poll...
Read more monitoring stands out as a democratic and accessible tool to reveal people’s exposure to such global socio-economic inequalities. According to the World Bank:

More than 95% of deaths linked to air pollution occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Measuring air pollutantsAir pollution caused by atmospheric contaminants is one of the most critical and complex environmental problems we face today, both because of its global r...
Read more provides valuable data that defines air quality and helps to expose inequality in the context of environmental justiceEnvironmental justice on air quality issues is crucial to ensure that all communities, especially those in areas of high traffic and industrial activity, a...
Read more. The link between poverty and lower participation in political decision-making is directly associated with the most harmful levels of air pollution. The data confirms the injustice, but it also serves to demand equitable public policies that protect people’s health and the right of everyone to enjoy a healthy environment.

The role of policy and activism

It is impossible to think about climate justice without acknowledging the essential role that society and civil activism play in achieving it. Social mobilisation and citizen participation are the keys to these actions that rise from the grassroots, demanding with a global voice that climate impacts be recognised and taken into account when making any socio-economic or political decision. Thus, especially through the voices of young people around the world (notably figures such as Greta Thunberg), unstoppable movements have emerged, such as Fridays for Future—a discursive framework based on student strikes grounded in intergenerational justice and the implementation of long-term policies.

“Activists and non-governmental organisations are fighting for concrete measures to be taken against climate change. Measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gasesWhile the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has been steadily and rapidly increasing in recent decades, in May 2025, CO2 surpassed 43...
Read more, proposing adaptation programmes, energy transition plans and compensation mechanisms for the damage caused by climate change. Moreover, they demand that this process be guided by standards of justice. That is, that the burdens resulting from climate change and from mitigation and adaptation programmes be proportionate and allocated according to the capacity of each State.” – Marcos de Armenteras Cabot, 2021. Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

To ensure that governments and institutions respond with greater ambition and stronger climate commitments, science is also playing a vital role through organisations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This is a meeting point where scientists from around the globe provide data and carry out rigorous analyses that underpin climate action without delay. Their recommendations not only estimate the scale of the climate challenge but also stress the urgency of acting at both governmental and societal levels through evidence-based policies to advance social equity.

Within the realm of public policy initiatives, projects such as the European Green Deal (inspired by the U.S. Green New Deal, a legislative proposal to address climate change and economic and social inequality) are particularly noteworthy. Similarly, the European Green Deal seeks to transform the economy and society to face the climate crisis and reduce inequality simultaneously, aiming to reach climate neutrality. Its actions are based on a just transition that addresses climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing renewable energy, and at the same time promoting jobs that strengthen sustainable productive sectors while tackling social exclusion.

One of the most significant public agreements is the Loss and Damage Fund (LDF), a historic breakthrough established in 2022 during COP27 to urgently support countries and communities most affected by climate-related disasters. It is a fund based on economic losses and other damages that recognises the historical responsibility of industrialised countries in climate change and aims to compensate for the irreparable harm caused by it.

“It is about adopting principles that guarantee sustainability, leaving no one behind, in order to achieve both environmental health and social wellbeing. Climate justice is not a dream, but a necessity to create a just and harmonious world.” – Greenfield, E. (2025). What Are the Six Pillars of Climate Justice?

Transparency and access to accurate data on emissions, vulnerability, and climate justice are essential for civil society to demand and monitor effective government action. Only with clear and accessible information is it possible to identify inequalities, assess the impact of policies, and demand environmental justice: a system of accountability for decision-makers. Thus, climate justice is built on citizen mobilisation, rigorous science and the demand for public policies based on data and human rights.

Climate finance: Driving the transition

What is climate finance?

Climate finance refers to the flow of funds aimed at supporting mitigation and adaptation actions to prepare for and respond to the effects of climate change. It is an economic resource distributed at local, national, and international levels, with the goal of accelerating the transition towards more sustainable and resilient models of social and environmental development.

Climate finance can come from:

• Public sources: resources provided by governments or state institutions to support climate-related projects and measures.
• Private sources: investments made by companies, banks, or other social actors aimed at promoting climate action.
• Multilateral funds: channelled through international bodies, where multiple countries or institutions contribute and jointly manage resources to support climate programmes in developing countries, following criteria defined by the international community. Cooperation is carried out through institutions such as the Green Climate Fund, created under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); the Global Environment Facility (GEF); the Climate Investment Funds; regional development banks; and other international entities.
• Bilateral sources: direct aid between two countries, usually between a climate finance donor country (with higher income and resources) and a recipient country (with lower income and greater vulnerability), to support specific climate actions.

From promises to action: Challenges in climate finance

Although at COP15 in Copenhagen (2009), high-income countries pledged to mobilise USD 100 billion annually by 2020 to support climate action in vulnerable countries, the non-binding nature of the agreement prevented this goal from being fully met. At COP29 in Baku (2024), the financial target was tripled through the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG), committing at least USD 300 billion annually until 2035, from public and private, bilateral and multilateral sources.

The main obstacles to speeding up this vital global mechanism—which enables both greenhouse gas reduction and climate adaptation—include bureaucratic hurdles in recipient countries, perceived risk by donor countries and financial institutions, and the lack of data to justify climate projects and programmes eligible for climate finance.

In terms of generating accurate, real-time data, technologies like those provided by Kunak, combined with efficient information management, can help overcome several key barriers to climate finance. The availability of reliable and up-to-date measurements strengthens the justification of projects submitted to funding bodies, reducing uncertainty about data quality and easing access to resources for climate mitigation and adaptation.

Moreover, the integration of this data with advanced analytical platforms helps identify trends, prioritise actions, and monitor outcomes, thereby optimising fund allocation and the effectiveness of interventions. Kunak’s technology, recognised for its precision and real-time multi-pollutant measurement capability, brings transparency and trust to climate projects, facilitating compliance with funders’ requirements and enabling full accountability.

The role of international institutions and the private sector

Both international institutions and the private sector play a fundamental role in mobilising and channelling resources for climate action.

Among the most prominent stakeholders are the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and climate investment funds such as the Climate Investment Funds and the Green Climate Fund. They stand out not only for the financial capital they provide, but also for their technical expertise and management capacity, which facilitate the development of climate change mitigation and adaptation projects.

“The World Bank Group delivered a record $42.6 billion in climate finance in fiscal year 2024 to support efforts to end poverty on a livable planet—investing in cleaner energy, more resilient communities, and stronger economies.” World Bank, Climate Finance Fiscal Year 2024 Snapshot.

The rise of green bonds has marked a milestone in climate finance, enabling companies and governments to access capital markets to fund sustainable climate projects that promote environmental justice. Moreover, results-based financing is gaining ground, linking disbursements to the achievement of specific environmental objectives, thereby increasing the efficiency and transparency of climate investments.

“Sovereign green bond issuances outpaced the broader green bond market in 2021 (CBI, 2022). The four largest issuers—France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy—accounted for nearly one-third of sovereign green bond use of proceeds (USD 26 billion) in 2021/2022.” Climate Policy Initiative, Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023.

As a result, cities and companies can leverage these mechanisms to mobilise resources, whether through the issuance of green bonds, participation in climate funds, or the adoption of results-based financing models. Collaboration between the public sector, international institutions, and the private sector is essential to scaling up solutions and achieving global climate goals.

Climate security: When environmental risks threaten stability

Addressing how environmental risks, accelerated by climate change, can destabilise entire regions, exacerbate conflicts, and threaten global stability is the mission of climate security. The increase in extreme weather events, resource scarcity, and forced population displacement are environmental factors that, when combined with pre-existing social and political tensions, can result in humanitarian crises and violent conflicts on an unprecedented scale.

The relationship between climate change and global security

Climate change multiplies threats, amplifying social, economic, and political vulnerabilities. According to security reports by the UN, NATO and the Pentagon, the effects of global warming (droughts, floods, loss of arable land, and extreme weather events) are causing increased tensions, leading to social conflict and the displacement of communities due to difficulties accessing vital resources such as water, food, and energy.

This was the case in Syria, where prolonged drought between 2007 and 2010 led to the collapse of agriculture, mass displacement from rural areas, and increased social tension, contributing to the instability that triggered armed conflict.

Similarly, rising sea levels, floods, and increasingly frequent and severe droughts are forcing millions of people to leave their homes, generating waves of climate-displaced people who, in search of a chance to survive, may exacerbate tensions in host countries and along migration routes.

“There is a rapid and widespread institutionalisation of climate security, led by powerful states and international organisations. Security actors should have long recognised the climate crisis as a grave threat to humanity, but it is essential that this institutionalisation is subject to critical scrutiny.” Hardt, J.N. et al (2024). The challenges of the increasing institutionalization of climate security.

For this reason, international bodies such as the UN have identified climate change as a growing priority for international security, emphasising that climate risks can undermine peace and global stability by exacerbating social conflicts, destabilising regions, and increasing migratory pressure—especially in vulnerable areas and in relation to national and international security.

In summary, climate security is a cross-cutting challenge that requires coordinated responses at local, national, and international levels, integrating climate action into security strategies and sustainable development plans.

Resource conflicts and climate migration

Competition over scarce water, food, and desertification that restricts access to fertile land in the Sahel region has intensified conflicts between herders and farmers. It has also encouraged the emergence of armed groups that exploit food insecurity and the lack of opportunities in affected communities. The forced displacement of millions of people, both within the region and to other countries, increases pressure on the available natural resources and essential services in host areas, further exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.

“From the perspective of climate justice, responsibilities regarding climate change should be allocated based on the degree of contribution to the problem, through an approach that also addresses systemic, socioeconomic, and intergenerational inequalities.” Climate Promise, UNDP (2023).

Accurate environmental monitoring, using sensors and real-time data collection systems, can anticipate risk zones where resource scarcity, soil degradation, or extreme climate events threaten to trigger new conflicts or displacement. This information enables governments, international organisations, and NGOs to prioritise interventions, design adaptation strategies, and mobilise resources more efficiently, thereby mitigating the impact of environmental risks on regional security and stability.

Early warning systems and building resilience

Building a resilient world in the face of climate change requires the generation and analysis of real-time data about the environment we inhabit. Monitoring key parameters such as air quality, water availability, temperature variations, and the early detection of wildfires forms the foundation of modern early warning systems; those that enable the anticipation of environmental risks and reduce the impact of extreme events anywhere, but especially for the most vulnerable local communities.

Responding in time to emerging threats, based on informed decision-making enabled by the combination of satellite imagery, ground sensors, and community alerts, has proven to be an effective tool for guiding individuals, managers, and government bodies, and for organising safe zones with available resources before risk situations such as food crises or climate-induced migrations unfold.

“Climate change is rapidly reshaping the global security landscape; its implications for security are highly diverse and present a multitude of complex challenges.” Krampe, F. et al. (2024). Climate change and peacebuilding: sub-themes of an emerging research agenda.

In these situations, Kunak’s environmental monitoring stations are positioned as an essential part of this critical prevention network. Their ability to measure multiple pollutants and environmental parameters in real time, along with their early warning system, contributes to improving the accuracy of predictions and the effectiveness of interventions. In this way, Kunak’s technology supports resilience building against climate change and emergency management, strengthening climate security and sustainable development in the most exposed regions.

Connecting the pillars: A systemic approach

Being effective in our global response to climate change depends on the interaction and mutual reinforcement of three fundamental pillars: climate justice, climate finance, and climate security. These elements do not function in isolation; they must be connected systemically as this is the fundamental basis for advancing a just, sustainable, and resilient transition.

Climate justice recognises the right of the most affected communities to access resources to repair damage and adapt to climate change. Without equitable reparative actions, trust in climate finance mechanisms weakens, making it impossible to mobilise financial resources and ensure active participation from countries in reaching vulnerable populations.

As a result, without adequate and accessible financing for those most affected, it is impossible to globally progress towards a clean energy transition, adapt infrastructure, or create sustainable jobs that support a fair economy. Without achieving an effective transition, vulnerability and inequality will continue to rise, and we will witness increased environmental and social risks. These are the perfect conditions for generating conflicts, forced migrations, and destabilisation on regional, national, and international levels.

We need to deploy early warning systems, based on technological tools and open platforms, that facilitate transparent access to information upon which efficient natural resource management can be based, as they are key to building resilient and sustainable environments. These systems must be underpinned by public policy design that prioritises equity, inclusion, and participation—where the most affected communities have a voice and the benefits of the transition reach all of society. An integrated system that, when functioning in unison, is stronger than the sum of its parts and is the guarantee for building a resilient, just, and secure future.

Kunak’s vision: Technology for climate resilience

Kunak’s technological solutions position themselves as key tools for advancing climate justice, environmental security, and the efficient use of climate finance. By providing accurate, real-time data on air quality, key pollutants, and environmental parameters, Kunak facilitates informed decision-making and the objective evaluation of impacts on vulnerable communities, contributing to fairness and transparency in resource management.

Kunak’s monitoring stations enable the detection of areas with high levels of pollution or environmental risk, prioritising interventions in the most affected communities to support climate justice.

Thanks to its multi-pollutant measurement technology and integration with early warning systems, it enables the anticipation of environmental crises and the protection of public health and ecosystems. Furthermore, Kunak facilitates the continuous monitoring of projects financed through climate funds, ensuring that resources are used effectively and that results are measurable and verifiable.

Kunak is a key technological partner for governments, cities, and NGOs, offering flexible and scalable solutions to strengthen climate resilience at both local and global levels. Its commitment to innovation and collaboration positions it as a strategic ally in the fight against climate change, helping to transform international commitments into concrete actions and measurable results.

In summary, the measurement of atmospheric conditions is an essential tool for making climate impact inequalities visible and for designing fairer and more effective interventions in the fight to achieve climate justice.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between climate justice and environmental justice?

Environmental justice advocates for the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens among all individuals and communities, with particular attention to protecting vulnerable social groups from exposure to pollutants, other environmental risks, and decisions affecting their surroundings.

Climate justice is a specific expression of environmental justice that focuses on the impacts and responsibilities associated with climate change. It highlights how the negative effects of climate—extreme weather events, loss of natural resources, and forced displacement—disproportionately and unequally affect regions and countries that have contributed the least to the problem and that have fewer economic resources, and therefore less adaptive capacity.

For example, a community living in marginal urban areas is more exposed to high levels of pollution due to its proximity to industrial zones or dense, continuous traffic. For this reason, it may invoke environmental justice.

On the other hand, vulnerable communities more exposed to heatwaves or worsening air conditions due to climate change can appeal to climate justice in order to gain access to programmes and resources that allow them to adapt.

In summary, climate justice is a specific dimension of environmental justice, focused on the social and distributive consequences of climate change, whereas environmental justice encompasses all forms of environmental injustice.

Who is responsible for financing climate action?

Responsibility for financing climate action lies primarily with developed countries, in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities established under the Paris Agreement. This is justified by their historical contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and their greater economic capacity, which places them in a key position to lead financial support for developing countries in their efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

While the Paris Agreement does not list specific countries responsible for this historical damage, in practice this includes OECD and European Union members, as well as the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, among other high-income nations.

As a result, institutions such as the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the European Investment Bank are playing a strategic role in mobilising climate funds. In 2023, they channelled a record USD 125 billion into global climate finance, allocating a significant share to low- and middle-income countries. Their ambition for 2030 is to reach USD 120 billion annually in these regions alone, including both adaptation investments and mechanisms to attract private capital.

We must also not overlook the private sector, which is essential for increasing the volume of resources allocated to climate action and complementing public funding. In 2023, multilateral development banks (MDBs) mobilised around USD 101 billion in private capital; projections suggest this could rise by an additional USD 65 billion by 2030 in low- and middle-income countries alone. This public–private collaboration is vital to closing the financing gap and accelerating the transition toward low-carbon, resilient, and sustainable economies.

Bilateral cooperation between advanced economies and low- and middle-income countries also plays a key role in responding to climate change. Through cooperation agencies and specific agreements, many nations channel funding directly to support mitigation, adaptation, and technology transfer projects, with approaches tailored to local needs. This complements the efforts of the private sector and multilateral institutions.

In short, climate action financing is a shared but differentiated responsibility, led by industrialised countries, with multilateral banks, the private sector, and bilateral cooperation playing key roles in achieving global objectives.

How does climate change affect national security?

Climate change represents a cross-cutting threat to national security, affecting both the internal stability and international positioning of states. It is a global issue that international organisations such as the United Nations (UN), the G7, and NATO have identified, defining climate change as a threat multiplier that intensifies existing environmental and social risks and generates new vulnerabilities for global security.

From extreme events (floods, hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves) to forced displacement caused by the frequency and intensity of climate disasters or social conflicts over limited resources such as water and food—these are direct threats that can exacerbate both internal and international disputes, particularly in regions already vulnerable.

There are also indirect threats, such as political and social instability resulting from public health impacts due to the spread of disease caused by poor air quality or lack of access to safe drinking water. These climate-related situations weaken governance, increase inequality, and fuel discontent, thereby facilitating the emergence of social conflict.

In summary, climate change is recognised by international organisations as a multidimensional threat to national and global security, with both direct and indirect effects that demand coordinated and context-specific responses.

What are the benefits of investing in climate resilience?

Investing in climate resilience offers multiple economic, social, and environmental benefits. It generates returns that far exceed the initial cost of the measures taken; in fact, it is estimated that every dollar invested can prevent future costs up to ten times greater.

The main benefits of investing in climate resilience include:

• Avoided costs: Investments in resilient infrastructure and adaptation measures reduce the impact of extreme weather events on the economy, preventing material damage, productivity losses, and unexpected reconstruction or relief expenditures.
• Lives saved: Strengthening climate resilience protects people from natural disasters, reducing mortality and improving public health and safety. Early warning systems, safe infrastructure, and climate-adapted urban planning save lives and reduce vulnerability in the most exposed communities.
• Social stability: Investing proactively in climate resilience strengthens community cohesion, reducing the risk of conflict and forced migration, leading to greater social stability, decreased inequality, and improved quality of life.
• Greater long-term return: Investments in climate resilience yield economic and social returns that surpass their initial costs, delivering sustainable benefits for the economy, society, and the environment.

In summary, investing in climate resilience protects the economy and saves lives, but it also strengthens social stability with higher long-term economic returns—proving that climate investment is a fundamental strategy for sustainable development.

How can technology help achieve climate justice?

Technology plays a key role in achieving climate justice. It is a tool that facilitates access to information, strengthens citizen participation, and provides reliable evidence for holding both governments and companies accountable.

The power of technology lies in:

• Democratisation of data: Information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as sensors, remote monitoring systems, and digital platforms, allow for the collection and sharing of real-time climate data. This empowers communities, organisations, and local governments to identify vulnerabilities, monitor impacts, and make informed decisions about adaptation and mitigation. Open access to climate data promotes transparency and inclusion, enabling historically marginalised groups to access relevant information and take part actively in climate governance.
• Evidence for public policy and climate litigation: Technology contributes to the generation of robust scientific evidence essential for designing effective public policies and supporting climate litigation. Advances such as attribution science make it possible to link extreme weather events to emissions from specific countries or companies, strengthening legal arguments and facilitating the demand for accountability in climate lawsuits, reinforcing the legitimacy of citizen claims.

In short, technology promotes climate justice by democratising access to information, strengthening citizen participation, and providing solid evidence for political and legal action.

Conclusion: Towards a fairer, safer and more sustainable future

The response to the climate crisis will only be effective if it is built around three fundamental pillars: climate justice, climate finance, and climate security. These are not isolated elements; rather, they reinforce one another and drive integrated solutions that acknowledge the interdependence of social equity, resource mobilisation, and protection against environmental risks.

Technological innovation and international cooperation are essential to progress along this path. Early warning systems, accurate environmental monitoring, and open technologies allow us to anticipate risks, optimise resources, and ensure that the benefits of the transition reach those who need them most. Collaboration between governments, businesses, international institutions, and civil society is key to designing inclusive climate policies, advancing smart cities, and building resilience in the face of global challenges.

Let us measure environmental impacts accurately, fund climate solutions fairly and efficiently, and protect the most vulnerable communities to achieve true sustainability—the only one possible through inclusion, respect, and collaboration among all social actors. In this context, Kunak positions itself as a strategic ally, offering technological solutions that enable the generation of reliable, real-time data—essential for decision-making and the justification of fundable and effective climate projects.

References

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