{"id":79658,"date":"2025-03-31T12:19:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T10:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/?p=79658"},"modified":"2026-10-30T16:40:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T14:40:08","slug":"environmental-impact-of-the-petrochemical-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/environmental-impact-of-the-petrochemical-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0640<strong>\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 <strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Kunak\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_62259\" style=\"width: 605px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/https:\/\/www.ciel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/US_Petrochemical_Buildout_Americas_Next_Big_Climate_Mistake_Figure1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62259\" class=\"wp-image-62259 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/US_Contaminacion-petroquimica-comparativa.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EPA) - Kunak\" width=\"595\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/US_Contaminacion-petroquimica-comparativa.png 595w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/US_Contaminacion-petroquimica-comparativa-480x371.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 595px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-62259\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: EPA (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629).<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOCs):<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (GHGs):<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>10<\/sub>):<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>2<\/sub>):<\/strong> \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>x<\/sub>):<\/strong> \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_62262\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afpm.org\/newsroom\/infographic\/petrochemical-manufacturing-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62262\" class=\"wp-image-62262 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Procesos-petroquimica.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a - Kunak\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Procesos-petroquimica.png 1024w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Procesos-petroquimica-980x490.png 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Procesos-petroquimica-480x240.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-62262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/oil-refinery-emissions\/\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/ve.scielo.org\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1316-48212007000200006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 (\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/fugitive-emissions\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/a>:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_62265\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/insideclimatenews.org\/news\/18032024\/fossil-fuels-toxic-chemicals-deadly-diseases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62265\" class=\"wp-image-62265 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Danos-salud-industria-petroquimica.png\" alt=\"\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: The New England Journal of Medicine - Kunak\" width=\"700\" height=\"831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Danos-salud-industria-petroquimica.png 700w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Danos-salud-industria-petroquimica-480x570.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-62265\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: The New England Journal of Medicine.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0628<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a NO<sub>x<\/sub>. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f:<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/jtalliance.org\/2024\/02\/28\/petrochemical-industry-impunity-must-be-stopped\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (Cancer Alley)<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_62276\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houstonchronicle.com\/business\/energy\/article\/Gulf-Mexico-Hurricane-Ida-flaring-Shell-Louisiana-16425135.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62276\" class=\"wp-image-62276 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Refineria-de-petroleo_LaPlace-Lousiana-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 Michael Robinson Chavez\/The Washington Post \u0639\u0628\u0631 Getty Images - Kunak\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Refineria-de-petroleo_LaPlace-Lousiana-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Refineria-de-petroleo_LaPlace-Lousiana-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-62276\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 Michael Robinson Chavez\/The Washington Post \u0639\u0628\u0631 Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u064f\u0635\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646) <strong>\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/iris.epa.gov\/ChemicalLanding\/&amp;substance_nmbr=1021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/a> <strong>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 400 \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (0.2 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969721026218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/a> Rovira, J., Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M. \u0648Domingo, J.L. (2021).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_62268\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62268\" class=\"wp-image-62268 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Contaminacion-agua-industria-petroquimica-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 - Kunak\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Contaminacion-agua-industria-petroquimica-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Contaminacion-agua-industria-petroquimica-980x649.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Contaminacion-agua-industria-petroquimica-480x318.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-62268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0631 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 <strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/strong>. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0269749120303924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a>. Cao, L. \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2020).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_62271\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62271\" class=\"wp-image-62271 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Indudstria-petroquimica-y-poblacion-1024x617.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. - Kunak\" width=\"1024\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Indudstria-petroquimica-y-poblacion-1024x617.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Indudstria-petroquimica-y-poblacion-980x590.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Indudstria-petroquimica-y-poblacion-480x289.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-62271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/environmental-justice\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 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<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 <strong>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/shibata.yubetsu.com\/article\/xYfoc49Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/a> Audu, A. J. and Umana, A. U. (2024).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/solutions\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 Kunak\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 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\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_62368\" style=\"width: 1810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62368\" class=\"wp-image-62368 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Monitorizacion-aire-en-planta-BASF-de-Ludwigshafen-Alemania-Kunak.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 Kunak \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 BASF \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 Kunak \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 BASF \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0646 (\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u2013 Kunak<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.basf.com\/gb\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BASF<\/a><\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Kunak \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0646 (\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Kunak \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c <strong>\u0631\u0635\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u0641\u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a BASF \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a Kunak\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 BASF \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 <strong>\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 Kunak \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 (NESHAPs) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EPA)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EPA)<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/laws-regulations\/summary-clean-air-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 (HAPs) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (IED) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32010L0075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 IED<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (BAT) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 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\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cottom, J.W., Cook, E. &amp; Velis, C.A. A local-to-global emissions inventory of macroplastic pollution. <em>Nature<\/em> 633, 101\u2013108 (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07758-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07758-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Galv\u00e1n, L., Reyes, R. E., Gu\u00e9dez, C. y De Armas, D. Los macroprocesos de la industria petrolera y sus consecuencias ambientales. <em>Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda<\/em>. 2017; 11(43), 091-097. <a href=\"http:\/\/ve.scielo.org\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1316-48212007000200006&amp;lng=es&amp;tlng=es\">http:\/\/ve.scielo.org\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1316-48212007000200006&amp;lng=es&amp;tlng=es<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ragothaman, A., Anderson, WA. Air Quality Impacts of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industries. <em>Environments<\/em>. 2017; 4(3):66. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/environments4030066\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/environments4030066<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Demetillo, M.A., Navarro, A. et al. Observing Nitrogen Dioxide Air Pollution Inequality Using High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Measurements in Houston, Texas. <em>Environmental Science &amp; Technology<\/em> 2020 54 (16). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c01864\">https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c01864<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Audu, A. J., Umana, A. U. The role of environmental compliance in oil and gas production: A critical assessment of pollution control strategies in the Nigerian petrochemical industry. <em>International Journal of Scientific Research Updates<\/em>, 2024. 8(2), 036-047. <a href=\"https:\/\/shibata.yubetsu.com\/article\/xYfoc49Y\">https:\/\/shibata.yubetsu.com\/article\/xYfoc49Y<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rovira, J., Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M. and Domingo, J.L. Environmental impact and human health risks of air pollutants near a large chemical\/petrochemical complex: Case study in Tarragona, Spain, <em>Science of The Total Environment<\/em>, Volume 787, 2021, 147550. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147550\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147550<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Smith, J. et al. Air quality impacts of petrochemical facilities in the Houston Ship Channel region: A case study using high-resolution monitoring and dispersion modeling. <em>Environmental Science &amp; Technology<\/em>, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/5246571_Cumulative_Cancer_Risk_from_Air_Pollution_in_Houston_Disparities_in_Risk_Burden_and_Social_Disadvantage\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/5246571_Cumulative_Cancer_Risk_from_Air_Pollution_in_Houston_Disparities_in_Risk_Burden_and_Social_Disadvantage<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Q., et al. Air pollution from petrochemical plants and its health effects. <em>Environmental Research<\/em>. Volume 263, Part A, 2020, 114414. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749120303924\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749120303924<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0640\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":79668,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[535],"tags":[652,655,669],"resources":[546],"class_list":["post-79658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-cov","tag-industrial-emissions-ar","tag-greenhouse-gases-ar","resources-industry-odour-pollution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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