{"id":66971,"date":"2025-10-28T10:54:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/air-quality-on-islands\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T19:03:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T17:03:02","slug":"air-quality-on-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-on-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a <em>vog<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a 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id=\"attachment_65138\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65138\" class=\"wp-image-65138 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/atardecer-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/atardecer-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/atardecer-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/atardecer-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640<strong>\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f 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<strong>\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0640<strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65140\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65140\" class=\"wp-image-65140 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/crucero-rumbo-a-isla_contaminacion-aire_Kunak.jpg\" alt=\"\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/crucero-rumbo-a-isla_contaminacion-aire_Kunak.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/crucero-rumbo-a-isla_contaminacion-aire_Kunak-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/crucero-rumbo-a-isla_contaminacion-aire_Kunak-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 <strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>x<\/sub>)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0640<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0650\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629.  <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/isa\/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ecological-criteria-assessment-oxides-nitrogen-oxides-sulfur\"><em>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>x<\/sub>) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>x<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/isa\/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ecological-criteria-assessment-oxides-nitrogen-oxides-sulfur\"><em>\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/isa\/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ecological-criteria-assessment-oxides-nitrogen-oxides-sulfur\"><em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/a><em> USEPA (2016). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.  <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0625\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0635\u0650\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 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<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 (PM<sub>10<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 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<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u0628 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S004896971834381X\"><em>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a.<\/em><\/a> <em>Garrison \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2014\u061b Prospero \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2008.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>2<\/sub>) <strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0640<strong>\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (UME) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d <strong>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/air-quality-sensors-volcanoes\/#:~:text=November%2016%2C%202021-,Sensores%20de%20calidad%20del%20aire%20y%20volcanes%2C%20visibilizando%20lo%20invisible,-Los%20ep%C3%ADgrafes%20anteriores\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 Kunak Technologies \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u2014 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. <\/p>\n<h4>\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a <em>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a (2019)<\/em> \u0623\u0646 <strong>SO<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong> \u0648NH<\/strong><strong><sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a vog (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a.  <\/p>\n<h4>\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640<em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (ADB\u060c 2022)<\/em>\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOCs)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>PM<\/strong><strong><sub>2.5<\/sub><\/strong>\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a.  <\/p>\n<h4>\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 (\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627)<\/h4>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 <em>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 (SPREP\u060c 2020)<\/em> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<\/strong><strong><sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<\/strong><strong><sub>4<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.    <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 <strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65142\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65142\" class=\"wp-image-65142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cruceros-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak.jpg\" alt=\"\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cruceros-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cruceros-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak-980x735.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cruceros-en-isla_contaminacion-aire_kunak-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 <strong>\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c<strong>calima<\/strong>\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 (PM<sub>10<\/sub>)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>x<\/sub>) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.tno.nl\/publication\/34627916\/9cz42o\/b11009.pdf\"><em>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. <\/em><\/a><em> Sutton, M. A. \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2013).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HF)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong>S)<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 <em>vog<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0622\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a. <\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-pollution-sensor\/\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>Kunak AIR Pro<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65150\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65150\" class=\"wp-image-65150 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aves-y-paseo-turistico-en-litoral-isleno.jpg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aves-y-paseo-turistico-en-litoral-isleno.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aves-y-paseo-turistico-en-litoral-isleno-980x649.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/aves-y-paseo-turistico-en-litoral-isleno-480x318.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 <strong>\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 <strong>\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a (O<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>10<\/sub>) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www3.gobiernodecanarias.org\/noticias\/el-laboratorio-de-calidad-del-aire-analiza-mas-de-mil-muestras-en-su-primer-ano-de-estudio-en-las-islas\/\">\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aircanlab.csic.es\/\">\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a (AirCanLab)<\/a>. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240034228\"><em>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5\u202f\u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0640PM<sub>10<\/sub> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 15\u202f\u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640O<sub>3<\/sub> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 60\u202f\u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. <\/em><\/a> <em>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WHO) 2021. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_66979\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66979\" class=\"wp-image-65128 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/litoral-con-manglar_contaminacion-aire_Kunak-.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 - Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/litoral-con-manglar_contaminacion-aire_Kunak-.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/litoral-con-manglar_contaminacion-aire_Kunak--980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/litoral-con-manglar_contaminacion-aire_Kunak--480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-66979\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <strong>\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629.  <\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>.  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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a Kunak <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 <strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_66990\" style=\"width: 1810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66990\" class=\"wp-image-63821 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/litoral-con-sargazo-y-vida-marina.jpg\" alt=\"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 - Kunak\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/litoral-con-sargazo-y-vida-marina.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/litoral-con-sargazo-y-vida-marina-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/litoral-con-sargazo-y-vida-marina-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1800px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-66990\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 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<strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Kunak \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. <\/p>\n<h4>\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/sargassum-environmental-problems-and-impact-monitoring\/\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a Kunak \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a: Gwad&#8217;Air<\/h4>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/case-studies\/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-gwadair-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B9\/\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 Atmo Guadeloupe (Gwad&#8217;Air)<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 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<strong>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65132\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65132\" class=\"wp-image-65132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/faro-de-isla-y-cielo-sin-contaminacion_Kunak.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 - Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/faro-de-isla-y-cielo-sin-contaminacion_Kunak.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/faro-de-isla-y-cielo-sin-contaminacion_Kunak-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/faro-de-isla-y-cielo-sin-contaminacion_Kunak-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c 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\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V. P., &#038; Balasubramanian, R. (2013). <em>Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, chemistry and deposition.<\/em> <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em>\u060c 20(11)\u060c 8092\u20138131. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23982822\/\"><u>https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23982822\/<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (EEA). (2022).  <em>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a NH<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/indicators\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-from\"><u>https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/indicators\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-from<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EPA). (2016).  <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/isa\/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ecological-criteria-assessment-oxides-nitrogen-oxides-sulfur\"><u>https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/isa\/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ecological-criteria-assessment-oxides-nitrogen-oxides-sulfur<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sutton, M. A. et al. (2013). <em>The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives.<\/em> Cambridge University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.tno.nl\/publication\/34627916\/9cz42o\/b11009.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/publications.tno.nl\/publication\/34627916\/9cz42o\/b11009.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Shairsingh, K. K., Jeong, C. H., &#038; Evans, G. J. (2019). <em>Transboundary and traffic influences on air pollution across two Caribbean islands.<\/em> <em>Science of The Total Environment<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 653. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.034\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.034<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WHO). (2021). <em>WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate matter (\u200ePM<sub>2.5<\/sub> and PM<sub>10<\/sub>), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240034228\"><u>https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240034228<\/u><\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2014 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 IQAir \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a) \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":66981,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[535],"tags":[658,654,653],"resources":[548,547],"class_list":["post-66971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-air-quality","tag-environmental-monitoring-ar","tag-atmospheric-pollutants-ar","resources-pollution-health","resources-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 - Kunak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-on-islands\/\" 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