{"id":66970,"date":"2025-11-24T18:06:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T16:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/odour-monitoring-in-wwtp\/"},"modified":"2026-07-13T19:21:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T17:21:41","slug":"odour-monitoring-in-wwtp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/odour-monitoring-in-wwtp\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.  <\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOCs) \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0636\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S). <\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a <strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a <strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/environmental-corrosion-causes-factors-and-how-to-prevent-it\/\"><strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/a><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a CH<sub>4<\/sub> \u0648CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u060c <strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 <strong>\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_66978\" style=\"width: 1930px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66978\" class=\"wp-image-65478 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP.jpg\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 - \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Processes_and_gases_generated_by_a_WWTP-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1920px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-66978\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 &#8211; \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead style=\"background-color: #ddd;\">\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u201d\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u201c\u061b \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CH<sub>4<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CO<sub>2<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0632 (N<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S:<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N<sub>2<\/sub>O:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CH<sub>4<\/sub> \u0648CO<sub>2<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (Cl<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cl<sub>2<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>O<sub>2<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0632 (N<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>NH<sub>3<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SO<sub>x<\/sub>:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CH<sub>4<\/sub> \u0648CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648N<sub>2<\/sub>O:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S:<\/strong> \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a <strong>\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h3>H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub>: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/strong> \u0623\u062d\u062f <strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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(2023).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-pollution-sensor\/hydrogen-sulphide\/attachment\/hydrogen-sulfide-2\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (CH<sub>4<\/sub>S)<\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 <strong>\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u062c<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062b\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.   <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/es\/phs\/es_phs126.html\"><em>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/em><\/a><em>  \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 (ATSDR).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_65459\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65459\" class=\"wp-image-65459 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EDAR-y-calidad-del-aire-scaled-e1764083860800.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a CH4 \u0648CO2\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642_Kunak\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EDAR-y-calidad-del-aire-scaled-e1764083860800.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EDAR-y-calidad-del-aire-scaled-e1764083860800-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EDAR-y-calidad-del-aire-scaled-e1764083860800-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EDAR-y-calidad-del-aire-scaled-e1764083860800-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65459\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 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href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/es\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0050\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 2008\/50\/EC<\/a> \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 SO<sub>2<\/sub> (\u0643\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 H<sub>2<\/sub>S) \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 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<strong>\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0632 (N<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 <strong>\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 300 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<sub><\/sub>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65460\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65460\" class=\"wp-image-65460 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/poblacion-y-estacion-depuradora-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083908316.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/poblacion-y-estacion-depuradora-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083908316.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/poblacion-y-estacion-depuradora-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083908316-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/poblacion-y-estacion-depuradora-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083908316-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/poblacion-y-estacion-depuradora-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083908316-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65460\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0642 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\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d <strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uvadoc.uva.es\/bitstream\/handle\/10324\/76448\/Odour-prevention-strategies-wastewater-treatment.pdf?sequence=1&#038;isAllowed=y\"><em>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs) \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. <\/em><\/a><em>  \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0631. (2025).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b <strong>\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0301479724033139\"><em>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647    <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0301479724033139\"><em>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0301479724033139\"><em> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOCs)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/em><\/a><em>. \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2011\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021\u0623\u060c 2021\u0628.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_65452\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65452\" class=\"wp-image-65452 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sistema-alcantarillado_aguas-residuales.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sistema-alcantarillado_aguas-residuales.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sistema-alcantarillado_aguas-residuales-980x655.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/sistema-alcantarillado_aguas-residuales-480x321.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0627 <strong>\u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>NDIR<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644. <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.  <\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-monitor\/\">\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 NDIR<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 SCADA<\/strong> (\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a). \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65469\" style=\"width: 1930px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65469\" class=\"size-full wp-image-65469\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR.jpg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a H2S \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a - Kunak\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1920px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65469\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a &#8211; Kunak<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Kunak \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Kunak \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u064a Kunak AIR Pro \u0648AIR Lite<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d <strong>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 <strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CO \u0648NO \u0648NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648O<sub>3<\/sub> \u0648SO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0648CH<sub>4<\/sub> \u0648VOCs \u0648NMHC \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0648HCl \u0648HCN \u0648HF \u0648O<sub>2<\/sub>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.  \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PM<sub>1<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>4<\/sub> \u0648PM<sub>10<\/sub> \u0648TSP \u0648TPC.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 Kunak API\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/strong> \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.une.org\/encuentra-tu-norma\/busca-tu-norma\/norma?c=N0068024\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a CEN\/TS 17660<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/docs\/ML1217\/ML12179A248.pdf\"><strong>EPA\/600\/R<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a Kunak <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Kunak \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65458\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65458\" class=\"wp-image-65458 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-depuracion-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083668928.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0650\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-depuracion-aguas-residuales-scaled-e1764083668928.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-depuracion-aguas-residuales-1280x959.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-depuracion-aguas-residuales-980x734.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-depuracion-aguas-residuales-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65458\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0650\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0636\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648<strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4433\/16\/5\/577\"><em>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/em><\/a><em>  Constantin, C. \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a Kunak \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong>. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-025-36484-3\">\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. <\/a><\/em><em>  Viteri, G. \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u0650\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u0650\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (CH<sub>4<\/sub>S)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 14px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead style=\"background-color: #ddd;\">\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u0650\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f <strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d.<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>ClO<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/strong> \u0648<strong>NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>KMnO<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/strong> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (MnO<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \/ NaClO<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/strong> \u0648<strong>NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0642\u0648\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637<\/strong>: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOCs)<\/strong>. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> (H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. <\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062f\u0649 Kunak \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a <strong>Kunak AIR<\/strong> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 <strong>\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a H<sub>2<\/sub>S \u0648NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0648VOCs<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d <strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong>. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Kunak <strong>\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65475\" style=\"width: 1930px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65475\" class=\"wp-image-65475 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR_2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 Kunak \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a - Kunak\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR_2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR_2-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR_2-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Sistema_de_alerta_temprana_y_localizacion_de_fuentes_de_emisiones_de_H2S_en_una_EDAR_2-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1920px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65475\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 Kunak \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a &#8211; Kunak<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a <strong>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65450\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65450\" class=\"wp-image-65450 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banos-publicos-y-aguas-residuales.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629_Kunak\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banos-publicos-y-aguas-residuales.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banos-publicos-y-aguas-residuales-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banos-publicos-y-aguas-residuales-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs)<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTP)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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<strong>\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. <\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <strong>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/olores.mma.gob.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ECOTEC-Ingenieria.pdf\">\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bokowa \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2021)<\/strong>: \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vetmeduni.ac.at\/fileadmin\/v\/biophysik\/Bokowa_2021.pdf\">\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Invernizzi \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2020)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cetjournal.it\/cet\/24\/112\/031.pdf\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00edaz \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2019)<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/participants\/documents\/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c7d98d4b&#038;appId=PPGMS\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/a> \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceforchange.eu\/proyecto\/d-noses\/\">D-NOSES (H2020)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d <strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a <strong>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65454\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65454\" class=\"wp-image-65454 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-y-ciclo-del-agua-e1764083803601.jpg\" alt=\"\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629_Kunak.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-y-ciclo-del-agua-e1764083803601.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-y-ciclo-del-agua-e1764083803601-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/kunakair.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/planta-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-y-ciclo-del-agua-e1764083803601-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1280px, 100vw\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65454\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 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<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/strong>.   \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Kunak\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.  <\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 Kunak \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong> \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a <strong>\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>El Abbadi, S.H., Feng, J., Hodson, A.R. et al. (2025). Benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions from US wastewater treatment for targeted reduction. <em>Nat Water<\/em> 3, 1133\u20131143. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44221-025-00485-w\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44221-025-00485-w<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Constantin, C. et al. (2025). Dispersion modeling of odour emissions from area sources in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. <em>Atmosphere<\/em> 2025, 16(5), 577; Special Issue Environmental Odour (2nd Edition). <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4433\/16\/5\/577\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4433\/16\/5\/577<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Czarnota, J., Mas\u0142o\u0144, A., &#038; Pajura, R. (2023). Wastewater treatment plants as a source of malodorous substances hazardous to health, including a case study from Poland. <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/em>, 20(7), 5379. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20075379\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20075379<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Viteri, G., Aranda, A., D\u00edaz-de-Mera, Y., Rodr\u00edguez, A., Rodriguez-Fari\u00f1as, N., &#038; Rodr\u00edguez, D. (2025). Assessment of airborne pollutants in wastewater treatment plants. <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research International<\/em>, 32(21), 12868\u201312882. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-025-36484-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-025-36484-3<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Toledo, M., &#038; Mu\u00f1oz, R. (2025). Odour prevention strategies in wastewater treatment and composting plants: a review. <em>Journal of Environmental Management<\/em>, 375, 124402. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124402\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124402<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1rquez, P., Mu\u00f1oz-Serrano, E., Guti\u00e9rrez, M.C., Siles, J.A., Mart\u00edn, M.A. (2024). Odour impact simulation of a large urban wastewater treatment plant through the numerical solution of a Eulerian model. <em>Journal of Environmental Management<\/em>, 372, 123327. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123327\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123327<\/a> <\/li>\n<li>Caimanque, D. (2021). Lessons learned in developing the first odour standard in Chile. 9th IWA Conference on Odours and VOC\/Air Emissions, Bilbao, Spain, Olores.org. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/olores.org\/index.php?option=com_content&#038;view=article&#038;id=1149:aprendizajes-en-la-elaboracion-de-la-primera-norma-de-olores-en-chile&#038;catid=28:odour-regulations&#038;lang=es&#038;idU=1&#038;acm=_319\">https:\/\/olores.org\/index.php?option=com_content&#038;view=article&#038;id=1149:aprendizajes-en-la-elaboracion-de-la-primera-norma-de-olores-en-chile&#038;catid=28:odour-regulations&#038;lang=es&#038;idU=1&#038;acm=_319<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a (WWTPs) \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b 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