{"id":66764,"date":"2024-02-03T10:52:26","date_gmt":"2024-02-03T08:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/kunakpedia\/"},"modified":"2026-07-15T08:19:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T06:19:40","slug":"kunakpedia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/resources\/kunakpedia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; 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sticky_offset_top_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_phone=&#8221;0px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;shortcode lista alfab\u00e9tica&#8221; module_class=&#8221;lista-tax-resources&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"glosario-letras glosario-letras-arabe\"><ul><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-1\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0627<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-2\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0628<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-3\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-4\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u062b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-5\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u062c<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u062d<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u062e<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u062f<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0630<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-10\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0631<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0632<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-12\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0633<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-13\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0634<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0635<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-15\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0636<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0637<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0638<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-18\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0639<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-19\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u063a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-20\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0641<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0642<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-22\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0643<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0644<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-24\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0646<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-ar-26\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">\u0647<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u0648<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u064a<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-a\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">A<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-l\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">L<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;H1&#8243; module_class=&#8221;titulo-puntos&#8221; 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header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-45617b03-60fd-49ec-b901-8322915a832a%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Texto&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#333333&#8243; text_letter_spacing=&#8221;0.1px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|300|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;44.1px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.25em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|300|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;44px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.25em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1.75%||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;||20px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;35px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;35px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;35px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;35px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;shortcode lista alfab\u00e9tica&#8221; module_class=&#8221;lista-tax-resources&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"glosario-letras\"><ul><li><a href=\"#glossary-a\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">A<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">B<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">C<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">D<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">E<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">F<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">G<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">H<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">I<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">J<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">K<\/li><li><a href=\"#glossary-l\" class=\"glosario-letra activa\">L<\/a><\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">M<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">N<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">\u00d1<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">O<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">P<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">Q<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">R<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">S<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">T<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">U<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">V<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">W<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">X<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">Y<\/li><li><span class=\"glosario-letra\">Z<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;shortcode lista de t\u00e9rminos&#8221; module_class=&#8221;lista-tax-resources&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"glosario-terminos glosario-terminos-arabe\"><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-1\">\u0627<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/nitrogen-oxides-nox\/\"><bdi>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>x<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/oxygen\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/nitric-oxide-no\/\"><bdi>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 (NO)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/ammonia-nh3\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/atmospheric-emissions\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/tropospheric-ozone\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a (O<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/carbon-monoxide\/\"><bdi>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-2\">\u0628<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/carbon-footprint\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-3\">\u062a<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/atmospheric-immissions\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-4\">\u062b<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/sulfur-dioxide\/\"><bdi>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/carbon-dioxide\/\"><bdi>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/nitrogen-dioxide\/\"><bdi>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-5\">\u062c<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/particulate-matter\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (PM)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/ultrafine-particles\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality\/\"><bdi>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-10\">\u0631<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-monitoring\/\"><bdi>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-12\">\u0633<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/hydrogen-cyanide-hcn\/\"><bdi>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HCN)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-13\">\u0634<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-monitoring-networks\/\"><bdi>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-15\">\u0636<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/smog\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/noise\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-18\">\u0639<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/environmental-justice\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-19\">\u063a<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/greenhouse-gases\/\"><bdi>\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-20\">\u0641<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/hydrogen-fluoride-hf\/\"><bdi>\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HF)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-22\">\u0643<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/hydrogen-sulphide\/\"><bdi>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H<sub>2<\/sub>S)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/chlorine-cl2-chlorine-dioxide-clo2\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (Cl<sub>2<\/sub>) &#8211; \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (ClO<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/hydrogen-chloride-hcl\/\"><bdi>\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HCl)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-24\">\u0645<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-stations\/\"><bdi>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/industrial-fenceline-monitoring\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/volatile-organic-compounds\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (VOC)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-sensor\/\"><bdi>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-pollutants\/\"><bdi>\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/air-quality-index\/\"><bdi>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (AQI)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/methane\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (CH<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-ar-26\">\u0647<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/non-methane-hydrocarbons-nmhc\/\"><bdi>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (NMHC)<\/bdi><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"glossary-a\">A<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kunakair.com\/ar\/aaqms-ambient-air-quality-monitoring-stations\/\"><bdi>AAQMS (\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 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